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Django, Apache and mod_wsgi on Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic)
- Deprecated guides:
- Ubuntu 10.10
- Ubuntu 10.04
- Fedora 14
- Debian 6
- Debian 5
- CentOS 5
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DeprecatedThis guide has been deprecated and is no longer being maintained.
Django is a web development framework for the Python programing language. It enables rapid development, while favoring pragmatic and clean design. Django was initially developed for use in a newspaper’s website division, and as a result the Django framework is very well suited to developing content-centric applications.
This guide provides an introduction to getting started with the Django framework, using the mod_wsgi
method of deploying python applications. Please complete the Setting Up and Securing a Compute Instance
prior to beginning this guide on an up to date system. Furthermore, you will want a running Apache web server
and a functional MySQL database
system installed.
Install Dependencies
Before we can proceed with the installation and deployment of Django, we mus enable the universe
repositories for Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic. To enable universe
, first modify your /etc/apt/sources.list
file to mirror the example file below. You’ll need to uncomment the universe lines:
- File: /etc/apt/sources.list
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## main & restricted repositories deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted ## universe repositories deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security universe
Issue the following commands to ensure that your system’s package repositories and installed programs are up to date and all required software is installed:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install python-setuptools libapache2-mod-wsgi
Additionally you will need to install a database system and a python driver for this database system. If you want to run the MySQL database engine issue the following command:
apt-get install mysql-server python-mysqldb
If you want to run the PostgreSQL database server issue the following command:
apt-get install postgresql python-psycopg2
If you want to use the SQLite embedded database, issue the following command:
apt-get install sqlite3 python-sqlite
Your application may require additional dependencies. You may install these either using the Ubuntu package tools or by using the easy_install
command included in python-setuptools
.
Install Django
There are two methods for installing Django. You may either choose to install the Django packages from the Ubuntu repositories, or you can install using the python easy_install
method. If you choose to install using the Ubuntu packages you will work with the 1.1.1 version of the framework, but you will have the benefit of ongoing security and bug fixes from the Ubuntu maintainers. To install Django from the Ubuntu repositories issue the following command:
apt-get install python-django
If you want to install Django using the easy_install
tool, issue the following command:
easy_install Django
At the time of writing, this will install version 1.2.5 of the Django framework. Consider the package information for Django for more information.
Configure Django Applications for WSGI
In order for mod_wsgi
to be able to provide access to your Django application, you will need to create a django.wsgi
file inside of your application directory. For the purposes of this example, we assume that your application will be located outside of your DocumentRoot
in the directory /srv/www/example.com/application
. Modify this example and all following examples to conform to the actual files and locations used in your deployment.
- File: /srv/www/example.com/application/django.wsgi
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import os import sys sys.path.append('/srv/www/example.com/application') os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = '/srv/www/example.com/.python-egg' os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings' import django.core.handlers.wsgi application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
You must append the path of your application to the system path as above. Additionally, declaration of the PYTHON_EGG_CACHE
variable is optional but may be required for some applications when WSGI scripts are executed with the permissions of the web server. Finally, the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
must refer to the Django settings.py
file for your project. You will need to restart Apache after modifying the django.wsgi
file.
Configure Apache
Consider the following example virtual host configuration:
- File: Apache Virtual Host Configuration
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<VirtualHost 12.34.56.78:80> ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.com/public_html WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/www/example.com/application/django.wsgi <Directory /srv/www/example.com/application> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /robots.txt /srv/www/example.com/public_html/robots.txt Alias /favicon.ico /srv/www/example.com/public_html/favicon.ico Alias /images /srv/www/example.com/public_html/images Alias /static /srv/www/example.com/public_html/static ErrorLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost>
In this example, the WSGIScriptAlias
directive tells Apache that for this virtual host, all requests below /
should be handled by the WSGI script specified. In the directory block that follows, we allow Apache to serve these requests. Finally, the series of four Alias
directives allow Apache to serve the robots.txt
and favicon.ico
files as well as all resources beneath the /images
and /static
locations, directly from the DocumentRoot
without engaging the WSGI application. You can add as many Alias directives as you need to.
When you have successfully configured your Apache virtual host, issue the following command to restart the web server:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
You will need to restart the web server every time the django.wsgi
file changes. However, all other modifications to your application do not require a web server restart. Congratulations! You have now successfully deployed a Django application using mod_wsgi
.
More Information
You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.
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