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Setting Filesystem Quotas on Ubuntu 22.04
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In this guide, learn how to use quotas to limit the amount of disk space a user or group can use on a filesystem.
The quota subsystem allows system administrator to set limits on the space used by each file or directory for users or groups.
Before You Begin
Familiarize yourself with our Getting Started guide and complete the steps for setting your Linode’s hostname and timezone.
Complete the sections of our Securing Your Server to create a standard user account, harden SSH access and remove unnecessary network services.
Update your system:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo
. If you’re not familiar with the sudo
command, you can check our Users and Groups
guide.Install the Quota Tools
Install the quota command line tools using
apt
package manager:sudo apt update sudo apt install quota
Verify that the tools are installed:
quota --version
Verify that you have the required kernel modules to support quota management:
find /lib/modules/ -type f -name '*quota_v*.ko*'
The output is similar to:
/lib/modules/5.15.0-60-generic/kernel/fs/quota/quota_v2.ko /lib/modules/5.15.0-60-generic/kernel/fs/quota/quota_v1.ko
Make a note of the version of the kernel listed in the file path.
Note If there are no kernel modules, you can install them usingsudo apt install linux-image-extra-virtual
.Update the mount options for the filesystem by updating the corresponding entry in
/etc/fstab
configuration file, using an editor of your choice to:- File: /etc/fstab
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/sda / ext4 usrquota,grpquota 0 1 /dev/sdb none swap sw 0 0
The options
usrquota
andgrpquota
enables quotas on the filesystem for both users and groups. Ensure that you add the new options separated by a comma and no spaces.Remount the filesystem with the new options:
sudo mount -o remount /
Verify that the new options are used to mount the filesystem:
cat /proc/mounts | grep ' / '
The output is similar to:
/dev/sda / ext4 rw,relatime,quota,usrquota,grpquota,errors=remount-ro 0 0
Create the
aquota.user
, andaquota.group
files that contain information about the limits and the usage of the filesystem:sudo quotacheck -ugm /
The option
u
creates theaquota.user
file for users, theg
option creates theaquota.group
file groups, and them
option disables remounting the filesystem as read-only. You can view the quota files that are created using thels /
command.Add the quota modules to the Linux kernel using the
<kernel_version>
that you made a note of:sudo modprobe quota_v1 -S <kernel_version> sudo modeprobe quota_v2 -S <kernel_version>
Turn on the quota system using:
sudo quotaon -v /
The output is similar to
quotaon: Your kernel probably supports ext4 quota feature but you are using external quota files. Please switch your filesystem to use ext4 quota feature as external quota files on ext4 are deprecated. quotaon: using //aquota.group on /dev/sda [/]: Device or resource busy quotaon: using //aquota.user on /dev/sda [/]: Device or resource busy
You can ignore the message about switching the filesystem to use ext4 quota feature.
Configure Quotas for a User
To edit quota for the sudo user
<example_user>
that you added when securing your Linode compute instance, enter the following:sudo setquota -u <example_user> 100M 110M 0 0 /
Check the new quota for the user:
sudo quota -v <example_user>
The output is similar to:
Disk quotas for user rajie (uid 1000): Filesystem space quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sda 40K 100M 110M 8 0 0
You can generate a report for the quota usage of all users on a filesystem:
sudo repquota -s /
The output is similar to:
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sda Block grace time: 10days; Inode grace time: 10days Space limits File limits User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace ---------------------------------------------------------------------- root -- 3746M 0K 0K 119k 0 0 man -- 1460K 0K 0K 155 0 0 systemd-timesync -- 4K 0K 0K 2 0 0 syslog -- 23588K 0K 0K 7 0 0 _apt -- 36K 0K 0K 6 0 0 tss -- 4K 0K 0K 1 0 0 pollinate -- 4K 0K 0K 2 0 0 landscape -- 8K 0K 0K 3 0 0 fwupd-refresh -- 4K 0K 0K 1 0 0 example_user -- 24K 200M 220M 8 0 0
If you want your users to be able to check their quotas, even if they do not have sudo access, then you need to give them permission to read the quota files you created. Create a users group, make those files readable by the users group, and then make sure all your users are added in the group.
More Information
You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.
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