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Installing MariaDB on CentOS 7
- Ubuntu 18.04
- Debian 10
- CentOS 8
- Deprecated guides:
- Debian 9
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MariaDB is a fork of the popular cross-platform MySQL database management system and is considered a full drop-in replacement for MySQL. MariaDB was created by one of MySQL’s original developers in 2009 after MySQL was acquired by Oracle during the Sun Microsystems merger. Today MariaDB is maintained and developed by the MariaDB Foundation and community contributors with the intention of it remaining GNU GPL software.
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MariaDB replaced MySQL as the default database system in the CentOS 7 repositories. Though installing MySQL into CentOS 7 is not difficult see, install mysql CentOS 7, if you simply need a database MariaDB is recommended for official support and a minimal chance of incompatibilities with other repository software.
sudo
. If you’re not familiar with the sudo
command, you can check our Users and Groups guide.Before You Begin
If you have not already done so, create a Linode account and Compute Instance. See our Getting Started with Linode and Creating a Compute Instance guides.
Follow our Setting Up and Securing a Compute Instance guide to update your system and configure the hostname. You may also wish to set the timezone, configure your hostname, create a limited user account, and harden SSH access.
To check your hostname run:
hostname hostname -f
The first command should show your short hostname, and the second should show your fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
Install and Start MariaDB
sudo yum install mariadb-server
Enable MariaDB to start on boot and then start the service:
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb
MariaDB will bind to localhost (127.0.0.1) by default. For information on connecting to a remote database using SSH, see our MySQL remote access guide, which also applies to MariaDB.
bind-address
parameter in /etc/my.cnf
. If you decide to bind MariaDB to your public IP, you should implement firewall rules that only allow connections from specific IP addresses.Harden MariaDB Server
Run the
mysql_secure_installation
script to address several security concerns in a default MariaDB installation:sudo mysql_secure_installation
You will be given the choice to change the MariaDB root password, remove anonymous user accounts, disable root logins outside of localhost, and remove test databases. It is recommended that you answer yes
to these options. You can read more about the script in the MariaDB Knowledge Base.
Using MariaDB
The standard tool for interacting with MariaDB is the mariadb
client, which installs with the mariadb-server
package. The MariaDB client is used through a terminal.
Root Login
To log in to MariaDB as the root user:
mysql -u root -p
When prompted, enter the root password you assigned when the
mysql_secure_installation
script was run.You’ll then be presented with a welcome header and the MariaDB prompt as shown below:
MariaDB [(none)]>
To generate a list of commands for the MariaDB prompt, enter
\h
. You’ll then see:List of all MySQL commands: Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';' ? (\?) Synonym for `help'. clear (\c) Clear the current input statement. connect (\r) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host. delimiter (\d) Set statement delimiter. edit (\e) Edit command with $EDITOR. ego (\G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically. exit (\q) Exit mysql. Same as quit. go (\g) Send command to mysql server. help (\h) Display this help. nopager (\n) Disable pager, print to stdout. notee (\t) Don't write into outfile. pager (\P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER. print (\p) Print current command. prompt (\R) Change your mysql prompt. quit (\q) Quit mysql. rehash (\#) Rebuild completion hash. source (\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument. status (\s) Get status information from the server. system (\!) Execute a system shell command. tee (\T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile. use (\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument. charset (\C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing binlog with multi-byte charsets. warnings (\W) Show warnings after every statement. nowarning (\w) Don't show warnings after every statement. For server side help, type 'help contents' MariaDB [(none)]>
Create a New MariaDB User and Database
In the example below,
testdb
is the name of the database,testuser
is the user, andpassword
is the user’s password:create database testdb; create user 'testuser'@localhost identified by 'password'; grant all on testdb.* to 'testuser' identified by 'password';
You can shorten this process by creating the user while assigning database permissions:
create database testdb; grant all on testdb.* to 'testuser' identified by 'password';
Then exit MariaDB:
exit
Create a Sample Table
Log back in as
testuser
:mysql -u testuser -p
Create a sample table called
customers
. This creates a table with a customer ID field of the typeINT
for integer (auto-incremented for new records, used as the primary key), as well as two fields for storing the customer’s name:use testdb; create table customers (customer_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, first_name TEXT, last_name TEXT);
View the new table:
show tables;
Then exit MariaDB:
exit
Reset the MariaDB Root Password
If you forget your root MariaDB password, it can be reset.
Stop the current MariaDB server instance, then restart it with an option to not ask for a password:
sudo systemctl stop mariadb sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
Reconnect to the MariaDB server with the MariaDB root account:
mysql -u root
Use the following commands to reset root’s password. Replace
password
with a strong password:use mysql; update user SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD("password") WHERE USER='root'; flush privileges; exit
Then restart MariaDB:
sudo systemctl start mariadb
More Information
You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.
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